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Probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) offers a significant performanceimprovement over uniform signaling. It was recently discovered that long blocksare not required to achieve maximum shaping gain when transmitting over thenonlinear fiber channel because short-length PCS effectively mitigates fibernonlinear interference (NLI). The reason for this behavior is that short-lengthPCS implicitly induces some temporal properties in the shaped transmit sequencethat are beneficial for the fiber-optic channel. To achieve robust data-aideddigital signal processing of high-order QAM, periodic quaternary phase shiftkeying pilots are typically inserted into the high-order QAM transmit sequence.In this work, we investigate in simulations the effect of such pilot-aidedsignaling on NLI mitigation. Albeit modifying the temporal properties of theshaped transmit sequence, a pilot rate of 1/32 is found to not alter thebeneficial effects of short-length PCS. The operation meaning of this findingis that even with pilot-aided signaling, long PCS block lengths are notrequired for maximum shaping gain.

Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation by Short-Length Probabilistic Constellation Shaping for Pilot-Aided Signaling