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Recent advances in data sensing and processing technologies enabledata-driven control of high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems for improvingthe operational stability of interfacing power grids. This paper proposes anoptimal data-driven control strategy for an HVDC system with line-commutatedconverters (LCCs), wherein the dc-link voltage and current are optimallyregulated at distinct HVDC terminals to improve frequency regulation (FR) inboth rectifier- and inverter-side grids. Each HVDC converter is integrated withfeedback loops for regulation of grid frequency and dc-link voltage in alocalized manner. For optimal FR in both-side grids, a data-driven model of theHVDC-linked grids is then developed to design a data-driven linear quadraticGaussian (LQG) regulator, which is incorporated with the converter feedbackloops. Case studies on two different LCC HVDC systems are performed using thedata-driven models, which are validated via comparisons with physics-basedmodels and comprehensive MATLAB/SIMULINK models. The results of the casestudies confirm that the optimal data-driven control strategy successfullyexploits the fast dynamics of HVDC converters; moreover, cooperation of theHVDC system and synchronous generators in both-side grids is achieved,improving real-time FR under various HVDC system specifications, LQGparameters, and inertia emulation and droop control conditions.

Data-driven Control of an LCC HVDC System for Real-time Frequency Regulation