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This work aims to apply the Facility Location Problem in the EmergencyMedical Service (EMS) of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The objective is to improvetwo previous optimization models from literature to handle base locations andambulances allocation/relocation problems. The proposed multi-period modelsintroduce the concept of relocation to the local EMS, which allows ambulancesto move among bases in different periods to raise the system coverage. Thispaper also proposes a bi-objective approach aiming to minimize the number ofbases and maximize the coverage of demands, which is solved using theepsilon-constraint method. Results show that coverage levels increase by up to31% for the deterministic approach and up to 24% for the probabilisticapproach. Ambulances' relocation optimization might improve coverage levels byup to 21% for the deterministic approach and up to 15% for the probabilisticapproach when change scenarios from static to multi-period. Also, since themulti-period model solutions result in installing a larger number of bases, thebi-objective approach is a powerful tool for the decision-maker. Bi-objectiveresults suggest modest increments in the objective function when the stations'number exceeds 28 for the deterministic approach. The probabilistic approachincrements in the objective function start to narrow above 30 installedstations.

A multi-period and bi-objective approach for locating ambulances: a case study in Belo Horizonte, Brazil