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Climate change, which is largely linked to human activities, is alreadyhaving a considerable impact on our societies. Based on current trends, climatechange is expected to accelerate in the coming decades. Beyond its impact onthe pace of natural disasters (floods, hurricanes, etc.), climate change mayhave catastrophic consequences for human life and health. One of the concernsis the increase in the transmission of viruses spread by mosquitoes. Indeed,rising temperatures have a direct positive impact on the viability ofmosquitoes in ecosystems, leading to their abundance and thus the risk ofexposure of human populations to these pathogens. This study quantifies theconsequences of global warming on the risk of epidemics of viruses transmittedby the Aedes Albopictus mosquito in metropolitan France. This mosquito, whichis a vector for the Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses, among others, arrivedin mainland France in 2004 and has since spread throughout the country. Thanksto the association previously established between the probability of thepresence of the mosquito and the average temperature combined with amathematical model, the probability of an epidemic and the number of people whocould be infected and die during a season in each department are estimated. Ifthere is a high degree of heterogeneity in metropolitan France, nearly 2,000deaths per year could be expected by 2040.

Cons{\'e}quences du changement climatique pour les maladies {\`a} transmission vectorielle et impact en assurance de personnes