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This review article summarizes the advancement in the studies ofEarth-affecting solar transients in the last decade that encompasses most ofsolar cycle 24. The Sun Earth is an integrated physical system in which thespace environment of the Earth sustains continuous influence from mass,magnetic field and radiation energy output of the Sun in varying time scalesfrom minutes to millennium. This article addresses short time scale events,from minutes to days that directly cause transient disturbances in the Earthspace environment and generate intense adverse effects on advancedtechnological systems of human society. Such transient events largely fall intothe following four types: (1) solar flares, (2) coronal mass ejections (CMEs)including their interplanetary counterparts ICMEs, (3) solar energetic particle(SEP) events, and (4) stream interaction regions (SIRs) including corotatinginteraction regions (CIRs). In the last decade, the unprecedented multiviewpoint observations of the Sun from space, enabled by STEREO Ahead/Behindspacecraft in combination with a suite of observatories along the Sun-Earthlines, have provided much more accurate and global measurements of the size,speed, propagation direction and morphology of CMEs in both 3-D and over alarge volume in the heliosphere. Several advanced MHD models have beendeveloped to simulate realistic CME events from the initiation on the Sun untiltheir arrival at 1 AU. Much progress has been made on detailed kinematic anddynamic behaviors of CMEs, including non-radial motion, rotation anddeformation of CMEs, CME-CME interaction, and stealth CMEs and problematicICMEs. The knowledge about SEPs has also been significantly improved.

Earth-affecting Solar Transients: A Review of Progresses in Solar Cycle 24