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The transport of lymph through the lymphatic vasculature is the mechanism forreturning excess interstitial fluid to the circulatory system, and it isessential for fluid homeostasis. Collecting lymphatic vessels comprise asignificant portion of the lymphatic vasculature and are divided by valves intocontractile segments known as lymphangions. Despite its importance, lymphatictransport in collecting vessels is not well understood. We present acomputational model to study lymph flow through chains of valved, contractinglymphangions. We used the Navier-Stokes equations to model the fluid flow andthe immersed boundary method to handle the two-way, fluid-structure interactionin 2D, non-axisymmetric simulations. We used our model to evaluate the effectsof chain length, contraction style, and adverse axial pressure difference(AAPD) on cycle-mean flow rates (CMFRs). In the model, longer lymphangionchains generally yield larger CMFRs, and they fail to generate positive CMFRsat higher AAPDs than shorter chains. Simultaneously contracting pumps generatethe largest CMFRs at nearly every AAPD and for every chain length. Due to thecontraction timing and valve dynamics, non-simultaneous pumps generate lowerCMFRs than the simultaneous pumps; the discrepancy diminishes as the AAPDincreases. Valve dynamics vary with the contraction style and exhibithysteretic opening and closing behaviors. Our model provides insight into howcontraction propagation affects flow rates and transport through a lymphangionchain.

Pump efficacy in a fluid-structure interaction model of a chain of contracting lymphangions