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In this work structural refinement, complex impedance spectroscopy, and Ramanspectroscopy have been investigated onNa$_{0.5}$(Bi$_{1-x}$Dy$_x$)$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ (xDyNBT) ceramic systems. The pureNBT, 2DyNBT and 5DyNBT compounds crystallize in a rhombohedral structure whilethe 15DyNBT composition crystallizes in an orthorhombic Pnma structure. Wereported that dysprosium addition affects the phase transition temperatures aswell as the dielectric losses. The electrical transport at high temperatureswas investigated using the CIS over a wide frequency range. The studied samplesshowed a non-Debye type process, with a short-range relaxation for the pure NBTand a coexistence of both localized and long-range relaxations of chargecarriers for the 2DyNBT and 5DyNBT compounds. For the high concentration,15DyNBT, a short-range relaxation is observed. Moreover, using a brick-layermodel we discuss the resistance and capacitance of the different contributors(grain and grain boundaries) in our samples. High temperature Ramanspectroscopy investigation was performed in order to follow the temperatureevolution of the structural transformations on ferroelectric compounds.Anomalies in the temperature evolution of the vibrational modes are seen tocorrelate well with the temperature transitions observed from dielectricmeasurements.

Complex impedance and Raman spectroscopy of Na$_{0.5}$(Bi$_{1-x}$Dy$_x$)$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$ ceramics