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Ice growth has attracted great attention for its capability of fabricatinghierarchically porous microstructure. However, the formation of tilted lamellarmicrostructure during freezing needs to be reconsidered due to the limitedcontrol of ice orientation with respect to thermal gradient during in-situobservations, which can greatly enrich our insight into architectural controlof porous biomaterials. This paper provides an in-situ study of solid/liquidinterface morphology evolution of directionally solidified single crystal icewith its C-axis (optical axis) perpendicular to directions of both thermalgradient and incident light in poly (vinyl alcohol, PVA) solutions. Mistymorphology and V-shaped lamellar morphology were clearly observed in-situ forthe first time. Quantitative characterizations on lamellar spacing, tilt angleand tip undercooling of lamellar ice platelets provide a clearer insight intothe inherent ice growth habit in polymeric aqueous systems and are suggestedexert significant impact on future design and optimization in porousbiomaterials.

Single ice crystal growth with controlled orientation during directional freezing