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Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are used for securing electronicdevices across the implementation spectrum ranging from Field Programmable GateArray (FPGA) to system on chips (SoCs). However, existing PUF implementationsoften suffer from one or more significant deficiencies: (1) significant designoverhead; (2) difficulty to configure and integrate based onapplication-specific requirements; (3) vulnerability to model-building attacks;and (4) spatial locality to a specific region of a chip. These factors limittheir application in the authentication of designs used in diverseapplications. In this work, we propose MeLPUF: Memory-in-Logic PUF; alow-overhead, distributed PUF that leverages the existing logic gates in adesign to create cross-coupled inverters (i.e., memory cells) in a logiccircuit as an entropy source. It exploits these memory cells' power-up statesas the entropy source to generate device-specific unique fingerprints. Adedicated control signal governs these on-demand memory cells. They can bedispersed across the combinational logic of a design to achieve distributedauthentication. They can also be synthesized with a standard logic synthesistool to meet the target area, power, and performance constraints. We evaluatethe quality of MeLPUF signatures with circuit-level simulations andexperimental measurements using FPGA silicon (TSMC 55nm process). Our analysisshows the high quality of the PUF in terms of uniqueness, randomness, androbustness while incurring modest overhead. We further demonstrate thescalability of MeLPUF by aggregating power-up states from multiple memorycells, thus creating PUF signatures or digital identifiers of varying lengths.Additionally, we suggest optimization techniques that can be leveraged to boostthe performance of MeLPUF further.

MeLPUF: Memory-in-Logic PUF Structures for Low-Overhead IC Authentication