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In the paradigm of mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET), forwarding packetsoriginating from other nodes requires cooperation among nodes. However, as eachnode may not want to waste its energy, cooperative behavior can not beguaranteed. Therefore, it is necessary to implement some mechanism to avoidselfish behavior and to promote cooperation. In this paper, we propose a simplequid pro quo based reputation system, i.e., nodes that forward gain reputation,but lose more reputation if they do not forward packets from cooperative users(determined based on reputation), and lose less reputation when they chose tonot forward packets from non-cooperative users. Under this framework, we modelthe behavior of users as an evolutionary game and provide conditions thatresult in cooperative behavior by studying the evolutionary stable states ofthe proposed game. Numerical analysis is provided to study the resultingequilibria and to illustrate how the proposed model performs compared totraditional models.

Studying Node Cooperation in Reputation Based Packet Forwarding within Mobile Ad hoc Networks