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Collective cell migration plays an essential role in various biologicalprocesses, such as development or cancer proliferation. While cell-cellinteractions are clearly key determinants of collective cell migration -- inaddition to individual cells self-propulsion -- the physical mechanisms thatcontrol the emergence of cell clustering and collective cell migration arestill poorly understood. In particular, observations have shown that binarycell-cell collisions generally lead to anti-alignement of cell polarities andseparation of pairs -- a process called contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL),which is expected to disfavor the formation of large scale cell clusters withcoherent motion. Here, we adopt a joint experimental and theoretical approachto determine the large scale dynamics of cell assemblies from elementarypairwise cell-cell interaction rules. We quantify experimentally binarycell-cell interactions and show that they can be captured by a minimalequilibrium-like pairwise asymmetric aligning interaction potential thatreproduces the CIL phenomenology. We identify its symmetry class, build thecorresponding active hydrodynamic theory and show on general grounds that suchasymmetric aligning interaction destroys large scale clustering and ordering,leading instead to a liquid-like microphase of cell clusters of finite size andshort lived polarity, or to a fully dispersed isotropic phase. Finally, thisshows that CIL-like asymmetric interactions in cellular systems -- or generalactive systems -- control cluster sizes and polarity, and can prevent largescale coarsening and long range polarity, except in the singular regime ofdense confluent systems.

Clustering and ordering in cell assemblies with generic asymmetric aligning interactions