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Fifth-generation (5G) cellular systems are likely to operate in thecentimeter-wave (3-30 GHz) and millimeter-wave (30-300 GHz) frequency bands,where a vast amount of underutilized bandwidth exists world-wide. To assist inthe research and development of these emerging wireless systems, a myriad ofmeasurement studies have been conducted to characterize path loss in urbanenvironments at these frequencies. The standard theoretical free space (FS) andStanford University Interim (SUI) empirical path loss models were recentlymodified to fit path loss models obtained from measurements performed at 28 GHzand 38 GHz, using simple correction factors. In this paper, we provide similarcorrection factors for models at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. By imparting slopecorrection factors on the FS and SUI path loss models to closely match theclose-in (CI) free space reference distance path loss models, millimeter-wavepath loss can be accurately estimated (with popular models) for 5G cellularplanning at 60 GHz and 73 GHz. Additionally, new millimeter-wave beam combiningpath loss models are provided at 28 GHz and 73 GHz by considering thesimultaneous combination of signals from multiple antenna pointing directionsbetween the transmitter and receiver that result in the strongest receivedpower. Such directional channel models are important for future adaptive arraysystems at millimeter-wave frequencies.

Directional Radio Propagation Path Loss Models for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Networks in the 28-, 60-, and 73-GHz Bands