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Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications andthis database reveals the disturbing trend inscience~\citep{fang2012misconduct, brainard2018massive}. The objective of thestudy is to find the association among the authors' collaboration, the numberof retracted papers, the number of retracted citations, journal impact factor,and research areas. We present a detailed analysis of 12231 research papersindexed by Web of Science (WoS) as retracted publications from 1981-2020. Thestudy demonstrates the collaboration patterns of retracted publications where61.5% of authors have only one and 24.6% have two retracted papers; however, 2%of authors have more than 10 retracted papers. To study the impact of citingretracted papers, we investigated the retracted papers with citations. Thestudy reveals that 55.2% of retracted papers have been cited at least once,where 25.4% of papers are such papers where at least one citation turned out tobe a retraction. This shows the impact of scientific misconduct or fraud on newresearch. The number of retractions is independent of the journal impact factorand as compared to high impact papers, low impact papers are attracting morecitations. We also investigate the citations received by retracted paperspublished in higher as well as lower impact factor journals. 1/4th of thepapers are retracted citations that cited the retracted papers; however, thereis no significant relationship exists between the higher impact or lower impactjournals with retractions or citations. Finally, how the average team size andaverage retracted citations vary among different research areas are studied.The study provides an insight that how a fraud leads to another fraud in thescientific world. Also, the rising trend of citations of retracted papers is aserious concern.

Patterns of retractions from 1981-2020 : Does a fraud lead to another fraud?