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In recent times researchers have found several security vulnerabilities inthe Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy network (RPL), amongst which rankattack is a predominant one causing detrimental effects on the network bycreating a fake topology. To address this concern, we propose a low-overheadrank attack detection scheme for non-storing mode of RPL used in IoT to dealwith both increased and decreased rank attacks. Accordingly, we have modifiedthe RPL Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) formation algorithmto detect rank attacks during topology formation and maintenance. Thedistributed module of the algorithm runs in all the participating nodes whereasthe centralized module runs in the sink. Unlike many existing schemes, insteadof sending additional control message, we make the scheme low-overhead bysimply modifying the DAO control message. Additionally, a lightweight MessageAuthentication Code (HMAC-LOCHA) is used to verify the integrity andauthenticity of the control messages exchanged between nodes and the sink. Thecorrectness of the proposed scheme is established through a concrete proofusing multiple test case scenarios. Finally, the performance of the proposedscheme is evaluated both theoretically and through simulation in Contiki-basedCooja simulator. Theoretical evaluation proves the energy efficiency of thescheme. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms over astate-of-the-art rank attack detection scheme in terms of detection accuracy,false positive or negative rate and energy consumption while also keepingacceptable network performance such as improved detection latency and at parpacket delivery ratio.

LEADER: Low Overhead Rank Attack Detection for Securing RPL based IoT