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Corrosion of metal structures is often prevented using cathodic protectionsystems, that employ sacrificial anodes that corrode more preferentiallyrelative to the metal to be protected. In-situ monitoring of these sacrificialanodes during early stages of their useful life could offer several insightsinto deterioration of the material surrounding the infrastructure as well asserve as early warning indicator for preventive maintenance of criticalinfrastructure. In this paper, we present an Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI)measurement-based technique to quantify extent of corrosion of a zincsacrificial anode without manual intervention. The detection apparatus consistsof a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer affixed onto a circular zincdisc, with waterproofing epoxy protecting the transducer element when theassembly is submerged in liquid electrolyte (salt solution) for acceleratedcorrosion by means of impressed current. We develop an analytical model fordiscerning the extent of corrosion by monitoring shift in resonance frequencyfor in-plane radial expansion mode of the disc, that also accurately models thenonlinearity introduced by partial delamination of the corrosion product (zincoxide) from the disc. The analytical model thus developed shows excellentagreement with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental results. Our workestablishes the efficacy of the proposed technique for monitoring the state ofhealth of sacrificial anodes in their early stage of deterioration and couldthus be widely adopted for structural health monitoring applications within theinternet of things.

Smart cathodic protection system for real-time quantitative assessment of corrosion of sacrificial anode based on Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI)