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Knowledge of the low-lying monopole strength in $\mathrm{^{12}C}$, the Hoylestate in particular, is crucial for our understanding of both theastrophysically important $3\alpha$ reaction and of $\alpha$-particleclustering. The $\mathrm{^{12}C}(\alpha, \alpha^{\prime})\mathrm{^{12}C}$ and$\mathrm{^{14}C}(p, t)\mathrm{^{12}C}$ reactions were employed to populatestates in $^{12}$C. A self-consistent, simultaneous analysis of the inclusivespectra with lineshapes was performed, which accounted for distortion due tonuclear dynamics and experimental effects. Clear evidence was found for excessmonopole strength at $E_{x} \sim 9$ MeV, particularly in the$\mathrm{^{12}C}(\alpha, \alpha^{\prime})\mathrm{^{12}C}$ reaction at$0^{\circ}$. This additional strength cannot be reproduced by the previouslyestablished monopole states between $E_{x} = 7$ and 13 MeV. An additional$0^{+}$ state at $E_{x} \sim 9$ MeV yielded a significantly improved fit of thedata and is the leading candidate for the predicted breathing-mode excitationof the Hoyle state. Alternatively, the results may suggest that a moresophisticated, physically motivated parameterization of the astrophysicallyimportant monopole strengths in $\mathrm{^{12}C}$ is required.

Multi-probe study of excited states in $\mathrm{^{12}C}$: disentangling the sources of monopole strength between the Hoyle state and $E_{x} = 13$ MeV