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Smart devices have accentuated the importance of geolocation information.Geolocation identification using smart devices has paved the path forincentive-based location-based services (LBS). A location proof is a digitalcertificate of the geographical location of a user, which can be used to accessvarious LBS. However, a user full control over a device allows the tampering oflocation proof. Initially, to resist false proofs, two-party trustedcentralized location proof systems (LPS) were introduced to aid the users ingenerating secure location proofs mutually. However, two-party protocolssuffered from the collusion attacks by the participants of the protocol.Consequently, many witness-oriented LPS have emerged to mitigate collusionattacks in two-party protocols. However, witness-oriented LPS presented thepossibility of three-way collusion attacks (involving the user, locationauthority, and the witness). The three-way collusion attacks are inevitable inall existing witness-oriented schemes. To mitigate the inability to resistthree-way collusion of existing schemes, in this paper, we introduce adecentralized consensus protocol called as MobChain, where the selection of awitness and location authority is achieved through a distributed consensus ofnodes in an underlying P2P network of a private blockchain. The persistentprovenance data over the blockchain provides strong security guarantees, as aresult, the forging and manipulation become impractical. MobChain providessecure location provenance architecture, relying on decentralized decisionmaking for the selection of participants of the protocol to resist three-waycollusion problem. Our prototype implementation and comparison with thestate-of-the-art solutions show that MobChain is computationally efficient,highly available while improving the security of LPS.

MobChain: Three-Way Collusion Resistance in Witness-Oriented Location Proof Systems Using Distributed Consensus