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Our interest lies in load balancing jobs in large scale systems consisting ofmultiple dispatchers and FCFS servers. In the absence of any information on jobsizes, dispatchers typically use queue length information reported by theservers to assign incoming jobs. When job sizes are highly variable, using onlyqueue length information is clearly suboptimal and performance can be improvedif some indication can be provided to the dispatcher about the size of anongoing job. In a FCFS server measuring the attained service time of theongoing job is easy and servers can therefore report this attained service timetogether with the queue length when queried by a dispatcher.  In this paper we propose and analyse a variety of load balancing policiesthat exploit both the queue length and attained service time to assign jobs, aswell as policies for which only the attained service time of the job in serviceis used. We present a unified analysis for all these policies in a large scalesystem under the usual asymptotic independence assumptions. The accuracy of theproposed analysis is illustrated using simulation.  We present extensive numerical experiments which clearly indicate that asignificant improvement in waiting (and thus also in response) time may beachieved by using the attained service time information on top of the queuelength of a server. Moreover, the policies which do not make use of the queuelength still provide an improved waiting time for moderately loaded systems.

Improved Load Balancing in Large Scale Systems using Attained Service Time Reporting