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We study the binding energy of a heavy quark-antiquark ($q\bar{q}$) pairusing the first-order path integral formalism. This makes the Yang-Millsconstraint equation explicit, and highlights that it is valid without relyingon a semiclassical approximation. A generalized gauge-covariant Coulomb gaugeis chosen to allow for a decomposition of the chromoelectric field into agauge-covariant generalization of transverse and longitudinal parts. Thisdecomposition makes it clear that the $q\bar{q}$ binding energy is determinedsolely by the solution to the constraint equation. Assuming that the low-energyphysics is dominated by the existence of a dimension-2 gluon condensate, wedevelop an asymptotic series solution to the constraint equation and thus tothe $q\bar{q}$ binding energy. We predict a QCD string tension in terms of thecondensate strength and quadratic Casimir eigenvalues, and relate our result toresults coming from OPE analyses.

Yang-Mills Gauss law and the heavy quark binding energy in the presence of a dimension-2 gluon condensate