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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology is becoming increasingly used in avariety of applications such as video surveillance and deliveries. To enablesafe and efficient use of UAVs, the devices will need to be connected intocellular networks. Existing research on UAV cellular connectivity shows thatUAVs encounter significant issues with existing networks, such as stronginterference and antenna misalignment. In this work, we perform a novelmeasurement campaign of the performance of a UAV user when it connects to anexperimental two-tier cellular network in two different areas of Dublin city'sSmart Docklands, which includes massive MIMO macrocells andwirelessly-backhauled small cells. We measure Reference Signal Received Power(RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference andNoise Ratio (SINR), the downlink throughput, and the small cell handover rate.Our results show that increasing the UAV height reduces the performance in bothtiers, due to issues such as antenna misalignment. The small cell tier,however, can maintain relatively stable performance across the entire range ofUAV heights, suggesting that UAV users can successfully connect to small cellsduring their flight. Furthermore, we demonstrate that while the UAV handoverrate significantly fluctuates at different heights, the overall observedhandover rates are very low. Our results highlight the potential for smallcells in urban areas to provide connectivity to UAVs.

Experimental Evaluation of a UAV User QoS from a Two-Tier 3.6GHz Spectrum Network