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A central need in the field of astrobiology is generalized perspectives onlife that make it possible to differentiate abiotic and biotic chemicalsystems. A key component of many past and future astrobiological measurementsis the elemental ratio of various samples. Classic work on Earth's oceans hasshown that life displays a striking regularity in the ratio of elements asoriginally characterized by Redfield. The body of work since the originalobservations has connected this ratio with basic ecological dynamics and cellphysiology, while also documenting the range of elemental ratios found in avariety of environments. Several key questions remain in considering how tobest apply this knowledge to astrobiological contexts: How can the observedvariation of the elemental ratios be more formally systematized using basicbiological physiology and ecological or environmental dynamics? How can theseelemental ratios be generalized beyond the life that we have observed on ourown planet? Here we expand recently developed generalized physiological modelsto create a simple framework for predicting the variation of elemental ratiosfound in various environments. We then discuss further generalizing thephysiology for astrobiological applications. Much of our theoretical treatmentis designed for in situ measurements applicable to future planetary missions.We imagine scenarios where three measurements can be made - particle/cellsizes, particle/cell stoichiometry, and fluid or environmental stoichiometry -and develop our theory in connection with these often deployed measurements.

Generalized Stoichiometry and Biogeochemistry for Astrobiological Applications