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Wirelessly powered backscatter communication (WPBC) has been identified as apromising technology for low-power communication systems, which can reap thebenefits of energy beamforming to improve energy transfer efficiency. However,existing studies on energy beamforming fail to simultaneously take energysupply and information transfer in WPBC into account. This paper takes thefirst step to fill this gap, by considering the restrictive relationshipbetween the energy harvesting rate and achievable rate with estimatedbackscatter channel state information (BS-CSI). To ensure reliablecommunication and user fairness, we formulate the energy beamforming design asa max-min optimization problem by maximizing the minimum achievable rate forall backscatter tags subject to the energy constraint. We derive theclosed-form expression of the energy harvesting rate, as well as the lowerbound of the achievable rate for maximum-ratio combining (MRC) and zero-forcing(ZF) receivers. Our numerical results indicate that our scheme significantlyoutperforms state-of-the-art energy beamforming schemes. Additionally, theachievable rate of our scheme approaches more than $90\%$ of the rate limitachieved via beamforming with perfect CSI for both receivers.

Joint Energy Harvest and Information Transfer for Energy Beamforming in Backscatter Multiuser Networks