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The process of formation for an ice crystal with elaborate, symmetricalpatterns from the water vapor is usually complicated and the correspondingmechanism is still not clear. Here, we experimentally constructed the 3Dtubular ice crystals within a thin chamber layer filled with air in a freezerwith high humidity at -27 degrees celsius. We here also propose to investigatethe dynamic formation of hollow structures from the perspective of Turing'sreaction-diffusion process, and a mathematical modelling of the 3D tubularstructures composed of ice crystals is conducted by regarding the cooled airmolecule (C-AM) as the activator and room-temperature air molecules(RT-AM) asthe inhibitor. The simulation generated a hollow tube array that has similargeometric feature with the ice crystal structure of hollow columns in theexperiment. This model offers a possibility to explore the Turing instabilityin the process of ice crystal formation.

Turing-type 3D tubular pattern formed by water molecules: A simulation  of the ice crystal growth inside a sandwich structure from the perspective of  reaction-diffusion mechanism