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With the advent of wearable technologies, Human Body Communication (HBC) hasemerged as a physically secure and power-efficient alternative to the otherwiseubiquitous Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Whereas the most investigatednodes of HBC have been Electric and Electro-quasistatic (EQS) Capacitive andGalvanic, recently Magnetic HBC (M-HBC) has been proposed as a viablealternative. Previous works have investigated M-HBC through an applicationpoint of view, without developing a fundamental working principle for the same.In this paper, for the first time, a ground up analysis has been performed tostudy the possible effects and contributions of the human body channel in M-HBCover a broad frequency range (1kHz to 10 GHz), by detailed electromagneticsimulations and supporting experiments. The results show that while M-HBC canbe successfully operated as a body area network, the human body itself plays aminimal or negligible role in it's functionality. For frequencies less thanabout 30 MHz, in the domain of operation of Magneto-quasistatic (MQS) HBC, thehuman body is transparent to the quasistatic magnetic field. Conversely forhigher frequencies, the conductive nature of human tissues end up attenuatingMagnetic HBC fields due to Eddy currents induced in body tissues, eliminatingthe possibility of the body to support efficient waveguide modes. With thisbetter understanding at hand, different modes of operations of MQS HBC havebeen outlined for both high impedance capacitive and 50 Ohm termination cases,and their performances have been compared with EQS HBC for similar sizeddevices, over varying distance between TX and RX. The resulting report presentsthe first fundamental understanding towards M-HBC operation and its contrastwith EQS HBC, aiding HBC device designers to make educated design decisions,depending on mode of applications.

Understanding The Role of Magnetic and Magneto-Quasistatic Fields in Human Body Communication