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This study explored the association between the five key air pollutants(Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM2.5,PM10), and Carbon Monoxide (CO)) and COVID-19 incidences in India. The COVID-19confirmed cases, air pollution concentration and meteorological variables(temperature, wind speed, surface pressure) for district and city scale wereobtained for 2019 and 2020. The location-based air pollution observations wereconverted to a raster surface using interpolation. The deaths and positivecases are reported so far were found highest in Mumbai (436 and 11394),followed by Ahmedabad (321 and 4991), Pune (129 and 2129), Kolkata (99 and783), Indore (83 and 1699), Jaipur (53 and 1111), Ujjain (42 and 201), Surat(37 and 799), Vadodara (31 and 400), Chennai (23 and 2647), Bhopal (22 and652), Thane (21 and 1889), respectively. Unlike the other studies, this studyhas not found any substantial association between air pollution and COVID-19incidences at the district level. Considering the number of confirmed cases,the coefficient of determination (R2) values estimated as 0.003 for PM2.5,0.002 for PM10 and SO2, 0.001 for CO, and 0.0002 for NO2, respectively. Thissuggests an absolute no significant association between air pollution andCOVID-19 incidences (both confirmed cases and death) in India. The sameassociation was observed for the number of deaths as well. For COVID-19confirmed cases, none of the five pollutants has exhibited any statisticallysignificant association. Additionally, except the wind speed, the climatevariables have no produced any statistically significant association with theCOVID-19 incidences.

COVID-19 incidences and its association with environmental quality: A country-level assessment in India