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Suction cups are widely used in applications such as in measurement ofmechanical properties of skin in vivo, in drug delivery devices or inacupuncture treatment. Understanding the mechanical response of skin underhypobaric pressure are of great importance for users of suction cups. The aimsof this work are to assess the capability of linear elasticity (Young'smodulus) or hyperelasticity in predicting hypobaric pressure induced 3Dstretching of the skin. Using experiments and computational Finite ElementMethod modelling, this work demonstrated that although it was possible topredict the suction dome apex height using both linear elasticity andhyperelasticity for the typical range of hypobaric pressure in medicalapplications (up to -10 psi), linear elasticity theory showed limitations whenpredicting the strain distribution across the suction dome. The reason is thatthe stretch ratio reaches values exceeding the initial linear elastic stage ofthe stress-strain characteristic curve for skin. As a result, the linearelasticity theory overpredicts the stretch along the rim of domes where thereis stress concentration. In addition, the modelling showed that the skin wascompressed consistently along the thickness direction, leading to reducedthickness. Using hyperelasticity modelling to predict the 3D straindistribution paves the way to accurately design safe commercial products thatinterface with skin.

Numerical analysis of the strain distribution in skin domes formed upon the application of hypobaric pressure