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Research instruments play significant roles in the construction of scientificknowledge, even though we have only acquired very limited knowledge about theirlifecycles from quantitative studies. This paper aims to address this gap byquantitatively examining the citation contexts of an exemplary researchinstrument, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), infull-text psychological publications. We investigated the relationship betweenthe citation contexts of the DSM and its status as a valid instrument beingused and described by psychological researchers. We specifically focused on howthis relationship has changed over the DSM's citation histories, especiallythrough the temporal framework of its versions. We found that a new version ofthe DSM is increasingly regarded as a valid instrument after its publication;this is reflected in various key citation contexts, such as the use of hedges,attention markers, and the verb profile in sentences where the DSM is cited. Wecall this process the re-instrumentalization of the DSM in the space ofscientific publications. Our findings bridge an important gap betweenquantitative and qualitative science studies and shed light on an aspect of thesocial process of scientific instrument development that is not addressed bythe current qualitative literature.

The (re-)instrumentalization of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of  Mental Disorders (DSM) in psychological publications: a citation context  analysis