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Covid-19 has had a disastrous economic impact on countries and industries ascountries have gone through the lockdown process to reduce the health impact ofCovid-19. As countries have started lifting Covid-19 related restrictions,businesses have been allowed to again have on-site customers. However, just alimited number of people are being allowed on-site as long as social distancingmeasures are being followed. This has resulted in heavy burdens on businessesas their number of customers have decreased substantially. In this study, wepropose a model to minimize the economic impact of Covid-19 for businesses thathave implemented social distancing measures, as well as to minimize the healthimpact of Covid-19 for their customers and employees. We introduce the quantitySpread in which minimizing Spread gives the optimum number and arrangement ofpeople at a given site while applying social distancing measures. We apply ourmodel to a real-world scenario and optimize the number of passengers and theirarrangements under a social distancing measure for two different popularaircraft seat layouts using the Annealing Monte Carlo technique. We obtain theoptimal numbers and optimal arrangements of passengers considering both familygroups and individual passengers for the social distancing measure. Theobtained optimal arrangements of passengers show complex patterns with groupsand individual passengers mixed in complex and non-trivial ways. Thisdemonstrates the necessity of using our model or its variants to find theseoptimal arrangements. In addition, we show that any other arrangements ofpassengers with the same number of passengers is a suboptimal arrangement withhigher health risks as a result of less distance between passengers. Our modelcould be implemented for other social situations such as sports events,theaters, medical centers, etc.

A Model for Optimizing the Health and Economic Impacts of Covid-19 under  Social Distancing Measures; A Study for the Number of Passengers and their  Seating Arrangements in Aircrafts