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Even though the traffic systems in developed countries have been analyzedwith rigor and operated efficiently, the same does not generally hold fordeveloping countries due to inadequate planning, design, and operations oftheir transportation systems. Because of inherent differences between internalinfrastructures, the systems deployed in developed countries may not beamenable to developing ones. Besides, the traffic systems of developingcountries are not well-studied in the literature to the best of our knowledge.For example, it is yet to explore how a developed country's lane-based trafficflow would perform in the context of a developing country, which generallyexperiences non-lane-based traffic. As such, by using our newly developedtraffic simulator 'RoadBird', we investigate outcomes of both lane-based andnon-lane-based traffic from the contexts of both developing and developedcountries. To do so, we run simulations over real road topologies (extractedfrom the GIS maps of major cities such as Dhaka, Miami, and Riyadh) consideringdifferent scenarios such as lane-based or non-lane-based flows, homogeneous orheterogeneous traffic, with or without pedestrians, etc. We also incorporatedifferent car-following and lane-changing models to mimic traffic behaviors andinvestigate their performances. While the lane changing dilemma remains an openresearch question, our experimental evidences indicate: (i) lane-basedapproaches will not necessarily perform better in the case of currently-adoptednon-lane-based scenarios; and (ii) non-lane-based strategies may benefit systemperformance in lane-based scenarios while having heavy mixed traffic.Nonetheless, we reveal several new insights for on-road experiences both indeveloping and developed countries.

To Lane or Not to Lane? Comparing On-Road Experiences in Developing and Developed Countries using a New Simulator "RoadBird"