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We recommend that the planetary science and space exploration communityengage in a robust reevaluation concerning the ethics of how future crewed anduncrewed missions to the Moon and Mars will interact with those planetaryenvironments. This should occur through a process of community input, withemphasis on how such missions can resist colonial structures. Such discussionsmust be rooted in the historical context of the violent colonialism in theAmericas and across the globe that has accompanied exploration of Earth. Thestructures created by settler colonialism are very much alive today, impact thescientific community, and are currently replicated in the space explorationcommunities' plans for human exploration and in-situ resource utilization.These discussions must lead to enforceable planetary protection policies thatcreate a framework for ethical exploration of other worlds. Current policy doesnot adequately address questions related to in-situ resource utilization andenvironmental preservation and is without enforcement mechanisms. Further,interactions with potential extraterrestrial life have scientific and moralstakes. Decisions on these topics will be made in the coming decade as theArtemis program enables frequent missions to the Moon and crewed missions toMars. Those first choices will have irreversible consequences for the future ofhuman space exploration and must be extremely well considered, with input fromthose beyond the scientific community, including expertise from the humanitiesand members of the general public. Without planetary protection policy thatactively resists colonial practices, they will be replicated in ourinteractions and exploration of other planetary bodies. The time is now toengage in these difficult conversations and disrupt colonial practices withinour field so that they are not carried to other worlds.

Ethical Exploration and the Role of Planetary Protection in Disrupting Colonial Practices