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Recent advances in imaging techniques have enabled us to visualize lungtumors or nodules in early-stage cancer. However, the positions of nodules canchange because of intraoperative lung deflation, and the modeling ofpneumothorax-associated deformation remains a challenging issue forintraoperative tumor localization. In this study, we introduce spatial andgeometric analysis methods for inflated/deflated lungs and discussheterogeneity in pneumothorax-associated deformation. Contrast-enhanced CTimages simulating intraoperative conditions were acquired from live Beagledogs. Deformable mesh registration techniques were designed to map the surfaceand subsurface tissues of lung lobes. The developed framework addressed localmismatches of bronchial tree structures and achieved stable registration with aHausdorff distance of less than 1 mm and a target registration error of lessthan 5 mm. Our results show that the strain of lung parenchyma was 35% higherthan that of bronchi, and that subsurface deformation in the deflated lung isheterogeneous.

Analysis of Heterogeneity of Pneumothorax-associated Deformation using Model-based Registration