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We report the experimental results of simultaneous measurements on theelectron and X-ray spectra from near-critical-density (NCD) double-layertargets irradiated by relativistic femtosecond pulses at the intensity of 5E19W/cm^2. The dependence of the electron and X-ray spectra on the density andthickness of the NCD layer was studied. For the optimal targets, electrons withtemperature of 5.5 MeV and X-rays with critical energy of 5 keV were obtained.2D particle-in-cell simulations based on the experimental parameters confirmthe electrons are accelerated in the plasma channel through direct laseracceleration, resulting in temperature significantly higher than thepondermotive temperature. Bright X-rays are generated from betatron emissionand Thomson backscattering before the electrons leave the double-layer targets.

Simultaneous measurements on the electron and X-ray spectra from  laser-irradiated near-critical-density double-layer targets at relativistic  intensity