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Current In-Vehicle Networks (IVNs) connect Electronic Control Units (ECUs)via domain busses. A gateway forwards messages between these domains.Automotive Ethernet emerges as a flat, high-speed backbone technology for IVNsthat carries the various control flows within Ethernet frames. Recently,Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) has been identified as a useful buildingblock of the vehicular domain, as it allows the differentiation of packetsbased on all header fields and thus can isolate unrelated control flows. Inthis work, we systematically explore the different strategies for integratingautomotive control flows in switched Ether-networks and analyze their securityimpact for a software-defined IVN. We discuss how control flow identifiers canbe embedded on different layers resulting in a range of solutions from fullyexposed embedding to deep encapsulation. We evaluate these strategies in arealistic IVN based on the communication matrix of a production grade vehicle,which we map into a modern Ethernet topology. We find that visibility ofautomotive control flows within packet headers is essential for the networkinfrastructure to enable isolation and access control. With an exposedembedding, the SDN backbone can establish and survey trust zones within the IVNand largely reduce the attack surface of connected cars. An exposed embeddingstrategy also minimizes communication expenses.

Strategies for Integrating Controls Flows in Software-Defined In-Vehicle Networks and Their Impact on Network Security