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This paper presents a novel hierarchical framework for real-time,network-admissible coordination of responsive grid resources aggregated intovirtual batteries (VBs). In this context, a VB represents a local aggregationof directly controlled loads, such as smart inverters, electric water heaters,and air-conditioners. The coordination is achieved by solving an optimizationproblem to disaggregate a feeder's desired reference trajectory intoconstraint-aware set-points for the VBs. Specifically, a novel, provably-tight,convex relaxation of the AC optimal power flow (OPF) problem is presented tooptimally dispatch the VBs to track the feeder's desired power trajectory. Inaddition to the optimal VB dispatch scheme, a real-time, corrective controlscheme is designed, which is based on optimal proportional-integral (PI)control with anti-windup, to reject intra-feeder and inter-feeder disturbancesthat arise during operation of the power system. Simulation results conductedon a modified IEEE test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposedmulti-layer VB coordination framework.

Optimal and resilient coordination of virtual batteries in distribution feeders