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Production data centers operate under various workload sizes ranging fromlatency-sensitive mice flows to long-lived elephant flows. However, thepredominant load balancing scheme in data center networks, equal-costmulti-path (ECMP), is agnostic to path conditions and performs poorly inasymmetric topologies, resulting in low throughput and high latencies. In thispaper, we propose CAFT, a distributed congestion-aware fault-tolerant loadbalancing protocol for 3-tier data center networks. It first collects, in realtime, the complete congestion information of two subsets from the set of allpossible paths between any two hosts. Then, the best path congestioninformation from each subset is carried across the switches, during theTransport Control Protocol (TCP) connection process, to make path selectiondecision. Having two candidate paths improve the robustness of CAFT toasymmetries caused by link failures. Large-scale ns-3 simulations show thatCAFT outperforms Expeditus in mean flow completion time (FCT) and networkthroughput for both symmetric and asymmetric scenarios.

CAFT: Congestion-Aware Fault-Tolerant Load Balancing for Three-Tier Clos Data Centers