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We have created a lung simulation to quantify lung heterogeneity from theresults of the inspired sinewave test (IST). The IST is a lung function testthat is non-invasive, non-ionising and does not require patients' cooperation.A tidal lung simulation is developed to assess this test and also a method isproposed to calculate lung heterogeneity from IST results. A sensitivityanalysis based on the Morris method and linear regression were applied toverify and to validate the simulation. Additionally, simulated emphysema andpulmonary embolism conditions were created using the simulation to assess theability of the IST to identify these conditions. Experimental data from fivepigs (pre-injured vs injured) were used for validation. This paper contributesto the development of the IST. Firstly, our sensitivity analysis reveals thatthe IST is highly accurate with an underestimation of about 5% of the simulatedvalues. Sensitivity analysis suggested that both instability in tidal volumeand extreme expiratory flow coefficients during the test cause random errors inthe IST results. Secondly, the ratios of IST results obtained at two tracer gasoscillation frequencies can identify lung heterogeneity (ELV60/ELV180 andQp60/Qp180). There was dissimilarity between simulated emphysema and pulmonaryembolism (p < 0:0001). In the animal model, the control group had ELV60/ELV180= 0.58 compared with 0.39 in injured animals (p < 0.0001).

A tidal lung simulation to quantify lung heterogeneity with the Inspired Sinewave Test