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We show that the mere observation of the first stars (Pop III stars) in theuniverse can be used to place tight constraints on the strength of theinteraction between dark matter and regular, baryonic matter. We apply thistechnique to a candidate Pop III stellar complex discovered with the HubbleSpace Telescope at $z \sim 7$ and find bounds that are competitive with, oreven stronger than, current direct detection experiments, such as XENON1T, fordark matter particles with mass ($m_X$) larger than about $100$ GeV. We alsoshow that the discovery of sufficiently massive Pop III stars could be used tobypass the main limitations of direct detection experiments: the neutrinobackground to which they will be soon sensitive.

Probing below the neutrino floor with the first generation of stars