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Objective: Interstitial fluid flow through vascular adventitia has beendisclosed recently. However, its kinetic pattern was unclear. Methods andResults: We used histological and topographical identifications to observe ISFflow along venous vessels in rabbits. By MRI in alive subjects, the inherentISF flow pathways in legs, abdomen and thorax were enhanced by paramagneticcontrast from ankle dermis. By fluorescence stereomicroscopy and layer-by-layerdissection after the rabbits were sacrificed, the perivascular and adventitialconnective tissues (PACT) along the saphenous veins and inferior vena cava werefound to be stained by sodium fluorescein from ankle dermis, which coincidedwith the findings by MRI. By confocal microscopy and histological analysis, thestained PACT pathways were verified to be the fibrous connective tissues andconsisted of longitudinally assembled fibers. By usages of nanoparticles andsurfactants, a PACT pathway was found to be accessible for a nanoparticle under100nm and contain two parts: a tunica channel part and an absorptive part. Inreal-time observations, the calculated velocity of a continuous ISF flow alongfibers of a PACT pathway was 3.6-15.6 mm/sec. Conclusion: These data furtherrevealed more kinetic features of a continuous ISF flow along vascular vessel.A multiscale, multilayer, and multiform interstitial/interfacial fluid flowthroughout perivascular and adventitial connective tissues was suggested as oneof kinetic and dynamic mechanisms for ISF flow, which might be anotherprincipal fluid dynamic pattern besides convective/vascular and diffusivetransport in biological system.

A multilayer interstitial fluid flow along vascular adventitia