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Pilot contamination attack (PCA) in a time division duplex wirelesscommunication system is considered, where an eavesdropper (Eve) attacks thereverse pilot transmission phase in order to wiretap the data transmitted froma transmitter, Alice, to a receiver, Bob. We propose a new PCA scheme for Eve,wherein Eve does not emit any signal by itself but uses an intelligentreflecting surface (IRS) to reflect the pilot sent by Bob to Alice. Theproposed new PCA scheme, referred to as IRS-PCA, increases the signal leakagefrom Alice to the IRS during the data transmission phase, which is thenreflected by the IRS to Eve in order to improve the wiretapping capability ofEve. The proposed IRS-PCA scheme disables many existing countermeasures on PCAdue to the fact that with IRS-PCA, Eve no longer needs to know the pilotsequence of Bob, and therefore, poses severe threat to the security of thelegitimate wireless communication system. In view of this, the problems of 1)IRS-PCA detection and 2) secure transmission under IRSPCA are considered inthis paper. For IRS-PCA detection, a generalized cumulative sum (GCUSUM)detection procedure is proposed based on the framework of quickest detection,aiming at detecting the occurrence of IRS-PCA as soon as possible once itoccurs. For secure transmission under IRS-PCA, a cooperative channel estimationscheme is proposed to estimate the channel of the IRS, based on whichzero-forcing beamforming is designed to reduce signal leakage.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Pilot Contamination Attack and Its Countermeasure