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With the rapid increase in software exploits, the last few decades have seenseveral hardware-level features to enhance security (e.g., Intel MPX, ARMTrustZone, Intel SGX, Intel CET). Due to security, performance and/or usabilityissues these features have attracted steady criticism. One such feature is theIntel Memory Protection Extensions (MPX), an instruction set architectureextension promising spatial memory safety at a lower performance cost due tohardware-accelerated bounds checking. However, recent investigations into MPXhave found that is neither as performant, accurate, nor precise as cutting-edgesoftware-based spatial memory safety. As a direct consequence, compiler andoperating system support for MPX is dying, and Intel has begun to manufacturedesktop CPUs without MPX. Nonetheless, given how ubiquitous MPX is, it providesan excellent yet under-utilized hardware resource that can be aptly salvagedfor security purposes. In this paper, we propose Simplex, a library frameworkthat re-purposes MPX registers as general purpose registers. Using Simplex, wedemonstrate how MPX registers can be used to store sensitive information (e.g.,encryption keys) directly on the hardware. We evaluate Simplex for performanceand find that its overhead is small enough to permit its deployment in all butthe most performance-intensive code. We refactored the string.h buffermanipulation functions and found a geometric mean 0.9% performance overhead. Wealso modified the deepsjeng and lbm SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks to use Simplex andfound a 1% and 0.98% performance overhead respectively. Finally, we investigatethe behavior of the MPX context with regards to multi-process and multi-threadprograms.

Simplex: Repurposing Intel Memory Protection Extensions for Information Hiding