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In the last decade, many semantic-based routing protocols had been designedfor peer-to-peer systems. However, they are not suitable for IoT systems,mainly due to their high demands in memory and computing power which are notavailable in many IoT devices. In this paper, we develop a semantic-basedrouting protocol for dynamic IoT systems to facilitate dynamic IoT capabilitydiscovery and composition. Our protocol is a fully decentralized routingprotocol. To reduce the space requirement for routing, each node maintains asummarized routing table. We design an ontology-based summarization algorithmto smartly group similar capabilities in the routing tables and supportadaptive routing table compression. We also design an ontology coding scheme tocode keywords used in the routing tables and query messages. To complete thesummarization scheme, we consider the metrics for choosing the summarizationcandidates in an overflowing routing table. Some of these metrics are novel andare difficult to measure, such as coverage and stability. Our solutionssignificantly reduce the routing table size, ensuring that the routing tablesize can be bounded by the available memory of the IoT devices, whilesupporting efficient IoT capability lookup. Experimental results show that ourapproach can yield significantly lower network traffic and memory requirementfor IoT capability lookup when compared with existing semantic-based routingalgorithms including a centralized solution, a DHT-based approach, a controlledflooding scheme, and a cache-based solution.

Summarization in Semantic Based Service Discovery in Dynamic IoT-Edge Networks