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Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based cooperative relaying systems(CRS) has emerged as a solution to the spectral inefficiency problem of theconventional cooperative relaying systems thanks to the NOMA integration. Thus,as a subset of NOMA-CRS, the NOMA-based diamond relaying network (NOMA-DRN)also provides a performance gain in terms of throughput. However, the NOMA-DRNhas a poor error performance due to the second phase (uplink), indeed, it has aerror floor regardless of the transmit power, power allocation and channelqualities. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel NOMA-DRNschemes where joint maximum likelihood (JML) decoding is implemented at thedestination. Then, we define the performance metrics (i.e., bit error rate(BER) and the diversity order ) of the NOMA-DRN with the JML and analyze thecomputational complexity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the new NOMA-DRN withJML can cope with the error floor penalty of the conventional NOMA-DRN. Hence,a spectral efficient NOMA-CRS scheme can be achieved with high datareliability. Specifically, this improvement can reach to $\sim20-30dB$ in thetransmit power which is superb gain in terms of energy efficiency perspective.Furthermore, with the proposed NOMA-DRN with the JML, the full diversity ordercan be achieved in the low-medium SNR region.

Improved Error Performance in NOMA-based Diamond Relaying