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Context: Given its competitiveness, the video-game industry has aclosed-source culture. Hence, little is known of the problems faced by gamedevelopers. However, game developers do share information about their gamesprojects through postmortems, which describe informally what happened duringthe projects. Objective: The software-engineering research community and gamedevelopers would benefit from a state of the problems of the video gameindustry, in particular the problems faced by game developers, their evolutionin time, and their root causes. This state of the practice would allowresearchers and practitioners to work towards solving these problems. Method:We analyzed 200 postmortems from 1997 to 2019, resulting in 927 problemsdivided into 20 types. Through our analysis, we described the overall landscapeof game industry problems in the past 23 years and how these problems evolvedover the years. We also give details on the most common problems, their rootcauses, and possible solutions. We finally discuss suggestions for futureprojects. Results: We observe that (1) the game industry suffers frommanagement and production problems in the same proportion; (2) managementproblems decreased over the years giving space to business problems, whileproduction problems remained constant; (3a) technical and game design problemsare decreasing over the years, the latter only after the last decade; (3b)problems related to the team increase over the last decade;(3c) marketingproblems are the ones that had the biggest increase over the 23 years comparedto other problem types; (4) finally, the majority of the main root causes arerelated to people, not technologies. Conclusions: In this paper we provide astate of the practice for researchers to understand and study video-gamedevelopment problems. We also offer suggestions to help practitioners to avoidthe most common problems.

Game Industry Problems: an Extensive Analysis of the Gray Literature