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In a first article (referred here as B-O), we studied the first part of theso-called 'mathematical part' of Plato's Theaetetus, i.e. Theodorus' lesson. Inthe present one, we consider the sequel and the end of the passage(147d7-148b2), as well as its philosophical interpretation in connection withthe whole dialogue. As in the previous article, we analyze it simultaneouslyfrom the mathematical, the historical and the philosophical points of view, anecessity to understand it. Our strategy is once again to take seriouslyPlato's text, not as the dream of a poet. Our analysis casts a new light onthis passage, as an essential testimony for both Plato's philosophy and forhistory of mathematics. Plato's relation to Theodorus and Theaetetus is morecomplex than usually claimed; the search for a definition of knowledgeconducted in a large part of the dialogue and even in some other dialogues isrooted in the mathematical passage; it needs a reevaluation of its connectionto Euclid's Elements, in particular the proposition X.9, as well as a supposedEuclid's 'catastrophic' mistake (to quote Jean Itard) on incommensurability. Ina nutshell, the passage has to be understood differently than in the usualinterpretations gathered together under the collective so-called name 'ModernStandard Interpretation' (or MSI). Both articles form a whole. They are bothaimed to an audience without any particular mathematical background, andrequire only elementary mathematical knowledge, essentially of highschool-level. Some more complex points are developed in an Appendix at the endof the article.

Truth and Knowledge: the Incorrect Definition of `Powers' by Theaetetus-A New Interpretation of Theaetetus (147d7-148b2)