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The rapid expansion of cyberspace has greatly facilitated the strategic shiftof traditional crimes to online platforms. This has included malicious actors,such as extremist organisations, making use of online networks to disseminatepropaganda and incite violence through radicalising individuals. In thisarticle, we seek to advance current research by exploring how supporters ofextremist organisations craft and disseminate their content, and how posts fromcounter-extremism agencies compare to them. In particular, this study willapply computational techniques to analyse the narratives of variouspro-extremist and counter-extremist Twitter accounts, and investigate how thepsychological motivation behind the messages compares between pro-ISIS andcounter-extremism narratives. Our findings show that pro-extremist accountsoften use different strategies to disseminate content (such as the types ofhashtags used) when compared to counter-extremist accounts across differenttypes of organisations, including accounts of governments and NGOs. Throughthis study, we provide unique insights into both extremist andcounter-extremist narratives on social media platforms. Furthermore, we defineseveral avenues for discussion regarding the extent to which counter-messagingmay be effective at diminishing the online influence of extremist and othercriminal organisations.

#ISIS vs #ActionCountersTerrorism: A Computational Analysis of Extremist and Counter-extremist Twitter Narratives