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Major disasters such as extreme weather events can magnify and exacerbatepre-existing social disparities, with disadvantaged populations bearingdisproportionate costs. Despite the implications for equity and emergencyplanning, we lack a quantitative understanding of how these social fault linestranslate to different behaviors in large-scale emergency contexts. Here weinvestigate this problem in the context of Hurricane Harvey, using over 30million anonymized GPS records from over 150,000 opted-in users in the GreaterHouston Area to quantify patterns of disaster-inflicted relocation activitiesbefore, during, and after the shock. We show that evacuation distance is highlyhomogenous across individuals from different types of neighborhoods classifiedby race and wealth, obeying a truncated power-law distribution. Yet here thesimilarities end: we find that both race and wealth strongly impact evacuationpatterns, with disadvantaged minority populations less likely to evacuate thanwealthier white residents. Finally, there are considerable discrepancies interms of departure and return times by race and wealth, with strong socialcohesion among evacuees from advantaged neighborhoods in their destinationchoices. These empirical findings bring new insights into mobility andevacuations, providing policy recommendations for residents, decision makers,and disaster managers alike.

High-resolution human mobility data reveal race and wealth disparities in disaster evacuation patterns