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The increase in grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems has been consistentover the years. Several studies have reported the impacts of this increase onthe distribution networks such as reverse power flow, voltage fluctuations,possible increase in system losses amongst others. With this rise in PVpenetration level, it becomes necessary for grid tied smart inverters (SI) tobe allowed to participate in feeder voltage regulation. Till date, nocomprehensive technical review and analysis has been done on the impact andinteraction of existing and proposed SI settings on the existing legacy voltagecontrol devices. This paper presents a novel technical review and analysis ofsome voltage regulation settings of SIs and their impacts on distributionfeeders including their interaction with legacy devices such as capacitors,on/off Load Tap Changers, their impact on the feeder losses, harmonic effectsand economic impacts (expressed as the device cost factor) and circuit impactindex (CII). The analysis of these functionalities is done using the standardIEEE 8500 distribution feeder, integrated with six PVs (based on real PVparameters and data), and strategically located with actual irradiance andtemperature profile from a 1.4MW PV plant located at FIU. These PV locationswere carefully selected to allow for detailed impacts studies. The results showhow the various SI functions impact the reactive power injection and switchingof the capacitor banks, the voltage regulator switching, the losses in thefeeder, the harmonic and the CII. The Volt-Watt with rise/fall rate-ofchangelimiting setting showed the least impact in terms of the CII, voltage regulatortapping and capacitor switching but with high amount of losses compared toother SI functions.

Smart Inverters Functionalities and their Impacts on Distribution Feeders at High Photovoltaic Penetration: An Overview