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Optical phased arrays (OPAs) which beam-steer in 2D have so far been unableto pack emitting elements at $\lambda/2$ spacing, leading to grating lobeswhich limit the field-of-view, introduce signal ambiguity, and reduce opticalefficiency. Vernier schemes, which use paired transmitter and receiver phasedarrays with different periodicity, deliberately misalign the transmission andreceive patterns so that only a single pairing of transmit/receive lobes permita signal to be detected. A pair of OPAs designed to exploit this effect therebyeffectively suppress the effects of grating lobes and recover the system'sfield-of-view, avoid potential ambiguities, and reduce excess noise. Here weanalytically evaluate Vernier schemes with arbitrary phase control to findoptimal configurations, as well as elucidate the manner in which a Vernierscheme can recover the full field-of-view. We present the first experimentalimplementation of a Vernier scheme and demonstrate grating lobe suppressionusing a pair of 2D wavelength-steered OPAs. These results present a routeforward for addressing the pervasive issue of grating lobes, significantlyalleviating the need for dense emitter pitches.

Verniered Optical Phased Arrays for Grating Lobe Suppression and Extended FOV