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The present work critically investigates the influence of low melting glasseson the fabrication of metal contacts, with the goal of advancing applicationsof bismuth based oxide glass and screen printed silver contacts for use inintegrated circuits (ICs), solar cells, and sensors. In this study, novelelectrode contacts were fabricated by screen printing composite pastes composedof mainly silver powder, Bi2O3 glass powder, and acyclic binder, and thenfiring the pastes in a belt furnace. The microstructures of the composite filmsafter firing at 830 to 890 {\deg}C were observed under different corrosionconditions, and the resulting layers were analyzed with X ray diffraction (XRD)and the transfer length method (TLM). A series of investigations to determinethe influence of Bi2O3 glass in silver paste involved various tests, includingdifferential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),electron probe X ray microanalysis (EPMA), secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to determine the effects ofBi2O3 mixed with silver and the efficacy of the resulting metal contacts in ICfabrications. It was observed that the additive, Bi2O3 glass, controlled themelting of the silver into the glass, influencing the precipitation of Agcrystallites. In addition, an increase in the firing temperature causedexcessive growth of Ag crystallites and current leakage, and the size and therelationship of the Ag crystallites in the Bi2O3 glass were confirmed.

The influence of Bi2O3 glass powder in silver paste on the fabrication  of ohmic contacts and its potential effectiveness in solar cells and  integrated circuits on p-type silicon substrates