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Metamaterial thermal energy devices obtained from transformation optics haverecently attracted wide attention due to their vast potential in energystorage, thermal harvesting or heat manipulation. However, these devicesusually require inhomogeneous and extreme material parameters which aredifficult to realize in large-scale applications. Here, we demonstrate ageneral process to design thermal harvesting devices with available naturalmaterials through optimized composite microstructures. We apply two-scalehomogenization theory to obtain effective properties of the microstructures.Optimal Latin hypercube technique, combined with a genetic algorithm, is thenimplemented on the microstructures to achieve optimized design parameters. Theoptimized microstructures can accurately approximate the behavior oftransformed materials. We design such devices and numerically characterize goodthermal-energy harvesting performances. To validate the wide-range applicationof our approach, we illustrate other types of microstructures that mimic wellthe constitutive parameters. The approach we propose can be used to designnovel thermal harvesting devices available with existing technology, and canalso act as a beneficial vehicle to explore other transformation optics enableddesigns.

Designing thermal energy harvesting devices with natural materials through optimized microstructures